原子氧对Kapton／Al薄膜性能影响研究

模拟空间环境下原子氧辐照条件,通过采用固定的原子氧束流密度进行不同时间辐照试验,研究了温控涂层材料Kapton/Al薄膜的质量损失、光学性能、表面形貌和表面粗糙度的演化规律.试验结果表明,原子氧对材料的剥蚀量与原子氧的作用时间成正比例关系.材料辐照后太阳吸收率发生明显变化,而辐射率几乎不发生变化.辐照后试样表面的粗糙度,是影响太阳吸收率变化主要因素.随着辐照时间的增长,材料表面粗糙度增加,导致太阳吸收率增大.     

LDA测量方截面U型旋转通道速度分布

为了深入了解旋转涡轮叶片内冷通道中的流动特性，用激光多谱勒测速仪(LDA)测量了旋转U型通道中的平均速度分布。通道的横截面积为50mm×50mm，弯管的平均半径与水利直径的比值为0.65，旋转轴与弯管的曲率轴平行。在Re＝105时分别测量了转动数Ro＝0，0.2和-0.2三种旋转状态下的速度分布。在这三种情况下弯管内侧θ＝90°至下游一定范围内都有流动的分离出现。由于不同的旋转状态二次流的方向和强弱不同，导致了分离区大小和通道中速度分布的不同。     

稳态周向混合畸变对压气机特性和流场的影响

用完全径向平衡方程加多扇平行压气机模型处理复杂畸变流场的方法，计算出进口流场组合参数畸变对压气机特性和性能的影响，并得出了压气机在进口畸变条件下流场的详细情况。     

粘性跨音速喷管流场计算

本文继用隐式近似因子分解法成功地计算无粘跨音速喷管流场之后,用同样的方法,结合任意曲线坐标系,通过非定常方程在相当长时间后的定常解,针对矩形截面喷管和轴对称喷管粘性跨音速流场,求解了可压缩层流薄层N-S方程,获得了核心流,特别是边界层中的流动参数.对于矩形截面和轴对称两种喷管进行了计算,其结果和实验数据相当一致.将本文的方法应用到粘性两相流动计算,可望较多的节省机时.     

侧壁有出流孔的通道流场实验研究

用五孔探针对侧壁开有出流孔的通道流场进行了详细测量，着重研究出流孔上、下游截面内的流动规律,分析了错排孔对通道流场的影响。实验发现出流孔上游各截面内的流动沿流向呈加速趋势，其下游截面的流速先急剧减缓，然后逐渐加速直至下一出流。距孔最近的上游截面内气流明显向孔偏转，由于惯性作用，孔下游各截面内的二次流仍很显著。     

真空小喷管羽流场的Monte Carlo直接模拟

利用直接模拟的Ｍｏｎｔｅ Ｃａｒｌｏ方法数值模拟了真空喷管羽流场，获得了符合规律的数值模拟结果。由于将随机取样频率法用于轴对称问题中，解决了计算机内存和速度上的困难，同时也证明了Ｒ－Ｓ－Ｆ方法的可靠性。     

对转双旋流气动喷嘴出口后流场结构的实验研究

研究了相互逆转双族流气动喷嘴出口后喷雾的流场结构。实验中采用粒子动态分析仪（ＰＤＡ）对喷嘴出口后冷态流场结构进行了测量，给出了平均速度以及瞬时脉动均方根速度的分布情况。结果表明：对转双族流气动喷嘴出口后流场可分为初始的掺混段和后来的扩散段两个阶段，在此两阶段，流场结构存在很大差异。     

某型发动机新件涡轮叶片叶冠掉块故障分析

为排除某型发动机新件涡轮叶片叶冠掉块故障,对故障件进行尺寸检测、加工制造工艺复查、断口分析、结构和强度分析等,认为:引发故障的主要原因是叶冠转接R不圆滑、存在尖角,造成应力集中;而相邻原机件叶片弦宽尺寸超差,锯齿形工作接触面积小,以及非工作面局部碰磨,是引发故障的次要因素。采取并验证了有针对性的排故措施。     

A Comparative Study of the Influence of the Active Young Sun on the Early Atmospheres of Earth, Venus, and Mars

Because the solar radiation and particle environment plays a major role in all atmospheric processes such as ionization, dissociation, heating of the upper atmospheres, and thermal and non-thermal atmospheric loss processes, the long-time evolution of planetary atmospheres and their water inventories can only be understood within the context of the evolving Sun. We compare the effect of solar induced X-ray and EUV (XUV) heating on the upper atmospheres of Earth, Venus and Mars since the time when the Sun arrived at the Zero-Age-Main-Sequence (ZAMS) about 4.6 Gyr ago. We apply a diffusive-gravitational equilibrium and thermal balance model for studying heating of the early thermospheres by photodissociation and ionization processes, due to exothermic chemical reactions and cooling by IR-radiating molecules like CO₂, NO, OH, etc. Our model simulations result in extended thermospheres for early Earth, Venus and Mars. The exospheric temperatures obtained for all the three planets during this time period lead to diffusion-limited hydrodynamic escape of atomic hydrogen and high Jeans’ escape rates for heavier species like H₂, He, C, N, O, etc. The duration of this blow-off phase for atomic hydrogen depends essentially on the mixing ratios of CO₂, N₂ and H₂O in the atmospheres and could last from ∼100 to several hundred million years. Furthermore, we study the efficiency of various non-thermal atmospheric loss processes on Venus and Mars and investigate the possible protecting effect of the early martian magnetosphere against solar wind induced ion pick up erosion. We find that the early martian magnetic field could decrease the ion-related non-thermal escape rates by a great amount. It is possible that non-magnetized early Mars could have lost its whole atmosphere due to the combined effect of its extended upper atmosphere and a dense solar wind plasma flow of the young Sun during about 200 Myr after the Sun arrived at the ZAMS. Depending on the solar wind parameters, our model simulations for early Venus show that ion pick up by strong solar wind from a non-magnetized planet could erode up to an equivalent amount of ∼250 bar of O⁺ ions during the first several hundred million years. This accumulated loss corresponds to an equivalent mass of ∼1 terrestrial ocean (TO (1 TO ∼1.39×10²⁴ g or expressed as partial pressure, about 265 bar, which corresponds to ∼2900 m average depth)). Finally, we discuss and compare our findings with the results of preceding studies.     

吸力面翼刀对压气机叶栅内二次流的影响

1引言在叶轮机械叶栅内流动控制中,可以通过在叶片吸力面、端壁上安装翼刀或隔片,控制二次流的发展,降低二次流损失,其中将翼刀加装在吸力面上的控制方式即为吸力面翼刀控制技术。吸力面翼刀主要是通过阻断端壁附面层和叶片吸力面附面层近端壁处低能流动沿吸力面的展向迁移来对